The Hidden Dangers of Synthetic Hair! What You Need to Know

UPDATED 2012,2020, 2023 AND 2025

Synthetic hair has long been a popular choice for individuals seeking to change their look quickly, easily, and affordably. Whether it's for braids, wigs, or extensions, synthetic hair provides a wide variety of options. However, the benefits of synthetic hair often come with hidden dangers. In recent years, studies have revealed that the materials used in synthetic hair may expose users to harmful chemicals that can have significant health implications. In this article, we'll explore the potential dangers associated with synthetic hair and how they can affect your health.

What Is Synthetic Hair Made Of?

Most synthetic hair products are made from a combination of plastic fibers, with kanekalon and toyokalon being the most common types. These fibers are created through chemical processes that involve petroleum-based materials and dyes. While these materials can mimic the look and feel of natural hair, they also introduce a variety of chemicals that may be harmful to both the user and the environment.

Harmful Chemicals in Synthetic Hair

Lead

One of the most concerning findings about synthetic hair is the presence of lead. Studies have shown that some synthetic hair contains lead levels that exceed safety limits set by certain states like California and Massachusetts. Lead is a heavy metal that has been linked to a variety of health problems, including developmental delays in children, memory problems, and high blood pressure in adults. Prolonged exposure to lead, particularly through skin absorption, can accumulate in the body and cause long-term damage.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), lead exposure is particularly dangerous for children and pregnant women, as it can affect brain development and lead to cognitive impairments1.

Benzene

Benzene is another harmful substance found in some synthetic hair products. Benzene is a volatile chemical that is highly reactive and toxic. It has been linked to serious health conditions such as leukemia and lymphoma. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies benzene as a Group 1 carcinogen, meaning it is known to cause cancer in humans2. Exposure to benzene can occur through inhalation, but when synthetic hair is heated (for example, when hair is dipped in hot water or styled with heat tools), the chemical can be released into the air, potentially leading to harmful exposure.

Methylene Chloride

Methylene chloride is another potentially dangerous chemical used in the production of synthetic hair. This solvent is commonly used to strip paint and clean surfaces but can also be found in some hair products. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified methylene chloride as having potential links to various types of cancer, including lung and liver cancer3. It can also cause damage to the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and headaches when inhaled.

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde, a well-known carcinogen according to the U.S. National Cancer Institute, is sometimes used in the production of synthetic hair to help preserve its shape and structure4. Chronic exposure to formaldehyde can increase the risk of cancers, especially nasal and throat cancer. Additionally, formaldehyde is a potent irritant and can cause respiratory problems, skin irritation, and allergic reactions. Individuals with sensitive skin may experience itching, burning, or rashes after prolonged contact with synthetic hair treated with formaldehyde.

The Impact on the Body

When synthetic hair is installed or worn, these harmful chemicals can come into contact with the scalp and skin. The scalp is a highly sensitive area with many blood vessels close to the surface, meaning that chemicals absorbed through the skin can enter the bloodstream more easily. This can lead to long-term health effects, particularly if synthetic hair is worn frequently or for extended periods.

Endocrine Disruption

Some chemicals used in synthetic hair products, like phthalates and parabens, are known endocrine disruptors. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) indicates that these chemicals interfere with the body's hormonal systems and can lead to various health issues, including reproductive problems, obesity, and diabetes5. For example, studies have shown that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in hair products can increase the risk of uterine cancer and may contribute to the rising prevalence of fibroids in women, particularly in Black communities.

Respiratory Issues

As mentioned earlier, heating synthetic hair can release harmful chemicals like benzene into the air, which can be inhaled. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has documented that this exposure, particularly for hair stylists who work with synthetic hair on a regular basis, can lead to chronic respiratory problems such as asthma or bronchitis6. Additionally, inhaling fumes from heating synthetic hair may increase the risk of lung cancer over time.

Skin Irritations

Direct contact with synthetic hair can lead to a range of skin irritations, especially for individuals with sensitive skin. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) has documented that symptoms can include itching, redness, and even rashes7. These irritations are often caused by the toxic dyes and preservatives used in the manufacturing of synthetic hair.

The Need for Proper Labeling

For over 20 years, we have been advocating that labeling should be a requirement for all hair products, following our previous study comparing human and synthetic hair safety profiles. Despite substantial evidence of potential health risks, the hair product industry remains largely unregulated when it comes to ingredient disclosure. This lack of transparency makes it difficult for consumers to make informed decisions about the products they use on their bodies.

How Can You Protect Yourself?

Given the risks associated with synthetic hair, it's important to take steps to protect yourself. Here are some tips to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals:

Opt for Human Hair or Plant-Based Extensions: While more expensive, human hair or plant-based alternatives (like bamboo or hemp) are free from the harmful chemicals found in synthetic hair. These materials are less likely to irritate the scalp and are often a healthier option in the long run.
Check Product Labels: If you must use synthetic hair, try to find brands that list their ingredients. Unfortunately, many synthetic hair products don't provide this information, but some companies are starting to be more transparent. Look for products that are free from harmful substances like lead, benzene, and formaldehyde.
Avoid Heat Styling Synthetic Hair: Heating synthetic hair can release toxic chemicals into the air. If you must use heat, opt for lower temperatures and ensure that the area is well-ventilated.
Consult a Professional: If you're unsure about the products you're using or experiencing adverse reactions, consider consulting a dermatologist or healthcare provider who can help you identify potential risks and find safer alternatives.

Conclusion

While synthetic hair offers many styling options, it's important to be aware of the potential health risks associated with the chemicals used in its production. The presence of lead, benzene, methylene chloride, and other harmful substances in synthetic hair can pose serious health threats, ranging from cancer to respiratory issues. By choosing safer alternatives like human hair or plant-based options, reading product labels, and avoiding excessive heat styling, you can reduce your exposure to these harmful chemicals and enjoy healthier, safer hair care.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Lead Poisoning Prevention." https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/↩
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). "Benzene." https://monographs.iarc.who.int/agents-classified-by-the-iarc/ ↩
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). "Methylene Chloride." https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/risk-evaluation-methylene-chloride ↩
U.S. National Cancer Institute. "Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk." https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde ↩
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). "Endocrine Disruptors." https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm ↩
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). "Chemical Hazards and Toxic Substances." https://www.osha.gov/chemical-hazards ↩
Environmental Working Group (EWG). "Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database." https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ ↩